This section provides an overview of various funding sources that housing providers have used to develop and operate housing for people impacted by the criminal legal system.
Developing housing solutions for individuals with a history in the criminal legal system demands a dynamic and inventive approach, where creativity and adaptability are key. The ever-evolving challenges and unique needs of this population necessitate adaptability, innovation and awareness as circumstances change. It is not a one-size-fits-all endeavor; instead, it demands a deep understanding of the individuals involved, and a willingness to think creatively to address their specific needs and barriers to successful reintegration into society. By embracing flexibility and staying attuned to the evolving landscape, we can better craft housing developments that truly make a difference in people’s lives.
The reentry process requires the implementation of tailored programs and services that cater to peoples’ unique risks and needs. To ensure a successful and sustainable reintegration into society, the provision of safe and stable housing is imperative. A key component in the development of this specific type of housing is funding. Since no one financing source for this type of housing exists, a housing development project must leverage federal, state and local sources, along with private monies.
Federal funding sources
Several federal funding sources are available to provide financing for temporary housing typologies for people who were formerly incarcerated and are highlighted here.
-
The Second Chance Act provides federal grants to support transitional housing and other support services for formerly incarcerated individuals.
-
The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) offers various programs and resources to support affordable housing. These include rental assistance programs like the Housing Choice Voucher (Section 8) Program and public housing programs such as the Continuum of Care (CoC) Program, which provides federal funding for housing and services for individuals experiencing homelessness, including those who are formerly incarcerated..
-
The Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG) provides grants to cities and counties to develop decent housing and a suitable living environment, and to expand economic opportunities, principally for low- and moderate-income persons.
It is important to note that some programs, such as Section 8 and the CDBG, are not always viable due to limitations in their guidelines and operations. For instance, when acquiring Section 8, the process of obtaining a voucher often takes a considerable amount of time, posing challenges for immediate housing needs. The same is true for utilizing CDBG funds: the timeframe might not align with the urgency required in housing initiatives for formerly incarcerated individuals. Delays in funding allocation or restrictions on utilizations of funds might hinder the timely execution of housing projects.
Using funding from the CoC program and other sources, Volunteers of America Greater New Orleans provides supportive services and transitional housing for individuals who are homeless or at risk of homelessness, including those who are formerly incarcerated. Additionally, the Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG) is a federal program that provides funding to local organizations to support emergency shelter, homelessness prevention, and rapid rehousing for individuals and families who are experiencing homelessness. The city of Oakland receives ESG funding to support local organizations such as Covenant House California, which provides emergency shelter and transitional housing for youth who are experiencing homelessness, including those who are transitioning out of the juvenile justice system.
133 Office of Justice Programs. (2018, April). Second Chance Act (Fact Sheet). U.S. Department of Justice. https://www.ojp.gov/library/publications/second-chance-act-fact-sheet-fiscal-years-2009-2022
134 HUD Exchange. (n.d.). CoC: Continuum of Care Program. https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/coc/
135 HUD Exchange. (n.d.). Community Development Block Grant Entitlement Program. https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/cdbg-entitlement/
136 Cause IQ. (n.d.). Volunteers of America. https://www.causeiq.com/organizations/volunteers-of-america-volunteers-of-america-of-sou,720709750/
137 HUD Exchange. (n.d.). ESG Requirements. https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/esg/esg-requirements/
138 Covenant House. (2021, June 30). Covenant House and Affiliates Consolidated Financial Statements Together With Independent Auditors’ Report 2021. https://covenanthousecalifornia.org/archive/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Covenant-House-California-FYE2021-Single-Audit-FS.pdf
State and local funding sources
In addition to the federal programs listed above, there are state and local programs that can provide funding for housing targeted toward individuals with incarceration history. The Homeless Housing and Assistance Program (HHAP) in the state of New York is one important state resource available to fund capital development of these housing projects. They do this through the provision of grants and loans to nonprofit businesses, religious, charitable and public corporations, as well as municipalities that buy, build or renovate housing for people who are homeless and unable to secure adequate housing without assistance.
There are also several state-level resources that provide support for permanent housing typologies that serve formerly incarcerated people. Here are a few examples:
-
The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program provides tax credits to developers and investors who build or renovate affordable rental housing for low-income households. An organization using this federal resource in action in the District of Columbia is Jubilee Housing, which provides supportive transitional housing and wrap-around services for people with a criminal justice history.
-
The Family Unification Program (FUP) provides vouchers to families involved in the child welfare system to help them obtain safe and affordable housing. PHAs, such as the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA), work alongside Public Child Welfare Agencies (PCWAs) to oversee the Family Unification Program (FUP). PCWAs identify eligible families and youth for FUP and refer them to PHAs for assessment of rental assistance eligibility. Formerly incarcerated parents may qualify for this program if they meet the program's eligibility criteria.
-
New York state has established the Empire State Supportive Housing Initiative (ESSHI) Operating Subsidy that provides operational funding to providers for the development and operation of supportive housing for individuals reentering the community from incarceration or juvenile justice placement and experiencing homelessness.
-
There is also the NYC 15/15 aid program, which is administered through long-term contracts with private apartment owners, under which Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) makes monthly rental assistance payments to qualifying households in residence.
Despite these programs' existence, there is a need for more efficient and accessible housing solutions. Streamlined processes and increased accessibility is crucial to better support individuals seeking housing post-incarceration. The process of navigating various programs can be complex, and the availability of some resources might be limited or time-consuming. It is also important to note that eligibility for these programs and resources may vary based on a range of factors, including the individual's specific circumstances and the availability of funding. To provide local context, included below are two case studies.
139 New York State Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance. (n.d.). Capital Program Unit. https://otda.ny.gov/programs/housing/hhap.asp
140 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2004, January). The Low Income Housing Tax Credit for Nonprofits Developing Rural Rental Housing. https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/19565_LOWINCOMETAXCREDIT.PDF
141 Roth, C. J. (2022, August 5). East Bay Asian Local Development Corporation comment on the proposed updates to the Community Reinvestment Act rule. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. https://www.fdic.gov/resources/regulations/federal-register-publications/2022/2022-community-reinvestment-act-3064-af81-c-262.pdf
142 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Family Unification Program. https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/public_indian_housing/programs/hcv/family
143 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2017, January). Fact Sheet: Housing Choice Voucher Program Family Unification Program (FUP). https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/FUP_FACT_SHEET.PDF
144 NYC Continuum of Care. (n.d.) Other Funding. https://www.nyc.gov/site/nycccoc/providers/other-funding.page
145 The Network Supportive Housing Network of NY. (n.d.). NYS Empire State Supportive Housing Initiative (ESSHI). https://shnny.org/fundingguide/nys-empire-state-supportive-housing-initiative-esshi/
#cs-freedom
Case study: Freedom Commons
This program demonstrates the importance of affordable housing and supportive services in helping individuals successfully reintegrate into their communities after incarceration. It also highlights the potential for nonprofit organizations to partner with local public housing authorities to develop innovative and effective solutions to complex social problems using federal resources for temporary and permanent housing.
Freedom Commons is an affordable and supportive housing program located in Syracuse, New York, that serves individuals who are formerly incarcerated and those who are at risk of homelessness with no involvement in the criminal justice system. The program, developed with years of technical assistance from The Fortune Society, is a project of the Center for Community Alternatives (CCA), a nonprofit organization that works to promote alternatives to incarceration and, in partnership with the Syracuse Housing Authority (SHA), which provides reentry support services for individuals.
Freedom Commons is the country’s first replication of Castle Gardens, the housing model started by The Fortune Society in New York City 13 years ago. The model is based on the premise that providing stable and supportive housing is essential for successful reentry and reducing recidivism. The model also recognizes that individuals with justice involvement face multiple barriers and challenges in accessing and maintaining housing including discrimination, stigma, lack of income and limited social support. This housing model allows the developer to leverage multiple funding sources to support the building's construction and operation.
The Syracuse Housing Authority partnership
The partnership with SHA brought its own set of challenges. Historically, SHA had been the leading force in its projects and typically retained control over them. CCA and SHA had to navigate a shift in dynamics, with SHA providing the empty lot and CCA and SHA jointly seeking capital funding and operational funding with strong technical assistance from The Fortune Society.
The CCA took responsibility for raising the service dollars, and CCA and SHA retain joint-ownership of the property. While multiple stakeholders were involved, it became clear that those on the ground needed more substantial involvement from the project's inception. As the partnership developed, CCA engaged with SHA to ensure a person-centered approach to decision-making (P. Riles and N. Odom, personal communication, June 27, 2023).
This partnership highlighted the significance of combining SHA's property management experience with CCA's service-oriented approach. Effective communication and collaboration played a significant role in their ultimate success.
The building
Freedom Commons provides diverse types of housing options for its residents. The 54-unit building is made up of 1-, 2-, and 3-bedroom apartments, 43 of which rent to individuals or families whose annual income is no more than 50% of the area median income (AMI). The remaining 11 units are permanent supportive housing reserved for formerly homeless individuals and/or families who have had some involvement with the criminal legal system and whose income is at or below 30% of the AMI. These units receive rental subsidies from Section 8 and ESSHI. They are intended to provide long-term housing stability and support for individuals who face multiple barriers in accessing mainstream housing options. Additionally, three group shelter rooms are available to help formerly homeless people make the transition back to independence. The property also features a computer lab, laundry facilities, training room, a community meeting space, kitchen and a communal dining area.
Development and operation financing
Developed by Norstar Development USA at a cost exceeding $14 million, the primary source of permanent financing came from federal LIHTC. Various state programs, including HHAP Capital Financing, contributed approximately $5 million. Operating subsidies for permanent supportive housing are provided through a combination of project-based vouchers and funds from ESSHI.
Freedom Common’s operating costs are sustained through funding provided by the Onondaga Department of Social Services. By aiding the State of New York in its endeavor to construct and maintain more than 100,000 units of affordable housing and 6,000 units of supportive housing as outlined in its 2017 housing plan, Freedom Commons contributes to fulfilling the state's housing objectives. The plan, administered by Community Renewal and the state’s affordable housing agency, New York State Homes, calls for an expenditure of $20 billion over five years.
Supportive services for successful reentry
Freedom Commons provides comprehensive reentry services to its residents who are formerly incarcerated or have some involvement with the criminal legal system. Supportive services include case management, employment assistance, educational support, recovery assistance, civic restoration and skills training. The services, provided by CCA staff trained in trauma-informed care, harm reduction and cultural competency, are participant-centered and tailored to meet the individual needs and goals of each resident. The program has been successful in helping individuals transition back into their communities, with many residents securing employment, completing educational programs and achieving greater stability in their lives (P. Riles and N. Odom, personal communication, June 27, 2023).
#cs-kingdom
Case study: Kingdom Builders Christian Fellowship
Kingdom Builders Christian Fellowship (KBCF) serves as a case study for how nonprofit organizations can use federal resources to provide affordable housing and support services to formerly incarcerated individuals who are transitioning out of jails and prisons. Through its innovative programs and partnerships, KBCF is helping to promote social justice and equity in the Oakland community.
KBCF is a faith-based organization located in Oakland, California. The organization is committed to empowering individuals, families, and communities through various programs and initiatives. One of their key focuses is on providing housing solutions and support for formerly incarcerated individuals seeking to rebuild their lives and reintegrate into society (L.J. Jennings, personal communication, June 16, 2023).
Kingdom Builders Transitional Housing Program
Kingdom Builders Transitional Housing Program, which was established in 2021, offers 34 units of transitional housing and wrap-around assistance to formerly incarcerated adults and youth who are experiencing homelessness. The ultimate goal of the program is to help residents establish stability and transition into independent living. Case managers collaborate closely with residents to formulate personalized reentry plans that address their specific goals, needs and obstacles. The employment assistance component encompasses job readiness training, vocational skills development and support with job placement. Counseling services extend to mental health counseling, substance abuse treatment and spiritual guidance, and life skills training sessions cover various topics, including financial education. Additionally, a Savings Match Program is available wherein residents' deposited funds are matched. These individual development accounts (IDAs) serve as a financial resource, with withdrawals restricted to objectively assessed emergencies. Primarily designed to aid low-income individuals, the IDA program facilitates access to higher education, homeownership and small business ventures and provides homeownership counseling and other asset-specific training opportunities (L.J. Jennings, personal communication, June 16, 2023).
Funding and collaboration strategies
KBCF has implemented diverse funding strategies to support their housing programs and initiatives. These strategies include pursuing grants from federal, state and local government agencies, as well as private foundations. For example, KBCF secured $5.6 million of Homekey funding through the city of Oakland. Homekey is an initiative in California that began at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to enable the acquisition and/or renovation of a diverse range of housing types, including but not limited to motels, hotels, hostels, adult residential facilities, single-family homes and multifamily apartments, and the conversion of commercial properties and other existing buildings to permanent or temporary housing for target populations. It provides a multifaceted approach to ending homelessness for state, regional and local governments. KBCF is a three-year recipient of Homekey funding (L.J. Jennings, personal communication, June 16, 2023).
KBCF actively collaborates with local government entities, housing authorities and community development organizations to access funding opportunities and leverage resources. These partnerships enhance their capacity to develop affordable housing units and secure necessary support services. For instance, KBCF works with churches to repurpose their land into housing.
Challenges
In California, the property development arena exhibits a glaring deficiency in minority representation, hindering access to tax credits and competitiveness within the industry. L.J. Jennings, senior pastor at KBCF, recognized that minority developers were often pitted against more established players in the field, making it difficult for them to secure funding and opportunities. To confront the issue, he lobbied the state to designate 5% of all tax credits for minority developers. Concurrently, the establishment of the Black Developers Forum played a pivotal role in advocating for inclusion in the development arena by providing minority developers with a collective voice to address their marginalization concerns. The Forum was also pivotal in the push for allocation of the 5% tax credits. Through these concerted efforts, Pastor Jennings aims to foster diversity and equity in property development, empowering minority developers with the necessary support and opportunities for success (L.J. Jennings, personal communication, June 16, 2023).
KBCF faced another significant challenge when they realized that many participants in their housing program were being disqualified due to their previous classification as transitional housing residents. This was happening due to the fact that people released from prison or jail in California on a Friday were finding themselves left homeless over the weekend, until they saw their parole officer on Monday. To address this challenge and ensure that all participants were eligible for housing, KBCF made a strategic shift in their program designation. They converted to an emergency housing program, effectively classifying everyone who enrolled as homeless. This simple but impactful change in classification meant that anyone who walked through their doors was automatically qualified for housing, eliminating the previous disparities in eligibility. By redefining their program's status, KBCF removed unnecessary obstacles and ensured that those in need received the help they required (L.J. Jennings, personal communication, June 16, 2023).
Conclusion
KBCF demonstrates a strong commitment to addressing the housing and support needs of formerly incarcerated individuals. Through their housing initiatives and tailored support services, they provide a comprehensive approach to reentry that empowers individuals to rebuild their lives and become productive members of society. With a diverse range of funding streams, including grants, donations and partnerships, KBCF has been able to expand and sustain their housing programs, positively impacting the lives of formerly incarcerated individuals in the Oakland community.
The resource matrices below provide more information about federal, state and local financial resources, eligibility requirements, and local organizations/service providers utilizing the resources. Highlighted subsidies include New York City, Oakland, Alameda County (CA), the District of Columbia, and New Orleans
146 Center for Community Alternatives. (2020, August 25). Freedom Commons. https://communityalternatives.org/programs/freedom-commons/
147 The Fortune Society. (n.d.). Award-Winning Nonprofit Details Plans for New Supportive Housing Coming to 97th Street: ‘Ask Us Anything’. https://fortunesociety.org/media_center/award-winning-nonprofit-details-plans-for-new-supportive-housing-coming-to-97th-street-ask-us-anything/
148 Corporation for Supportive Housing. (2013, March). Castle Gardens, New York, NY Integrated Family Supportive Housing. https://www.csh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Fortune-Society-Castle-Gardens1.pdf
149 Syracuse Housing Authority. (n.d.). Freedom Commons. https://syracusehousing.org/find-a-home/freedom-commons/
150 SWBR. (2021, March 11). Freedom Commons. https://www.swbr.com/design/freedom-commons/
151 Office of Policy Development & Research. (n.d.). Syracuse, New York: From Prison to Stability on the Outside. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/casestudies/study-060122.html
152 Norstar. (n.d.). Freedom Commons – Syracuse, New York. https://norstarus.com/nd-usa-projects/freedom-commons/
153 Sustainable Comfort. (2020, July 17). Freedom Commons Wins LEED Homes Outstanding Affordable Project of the Year Award. https://greenrater.com/news/freedom-commons-leed-award
155 City of Oakland. (2022, September 7). City of Oakland Receives $5.6M Homekey Award for Transitional Housing Acquisition and Rehabilitation. https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2022/city-of-oakland-receives-5-6m-homekey-award-for-transitional-housing-acquisition-and-rehabilitation
156 Cause IQ. (n.d.). Kingdom Builders Transitional Housing Program. https://www.causeiq.com/organizations/kingdom-builders-transitional-housing-program,823294057/
157 City of Oakland. (2022, September 7). City of Oakland Receives $5.6M Homekey Award for Transitional Housing Acquisition and Rehabilitation. https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2022/city-of-oakland-receives-5-6m-homekey-award-for-transitional-housing-acquisition-and-rehabilitation
Financial resource matrices
|
Financial resource matrix for New York City, New York |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Financial resource |
Eligibility |
Examples |
Empire State Supportive Housing Initiative (ESSHI) |
This funding opportunity is available to NFPs that are properly incorporated or organized under the laws of New York and tribal organizations with demonstrated experience in one or more of the following areas:
|
The Osborne Association offers supportive, affordable housing programs that provide new apartments and wrap-around services for people who are reentering the community from incarceration who would otherwise be homeless or unstably housed. The Fortune Society’s Castle III Gardens contains 58 supportive housing units for formerly incarcerated and formerly homeless individuals. These units have rent locked at 30% AMI. The 24 community affordable units have the following income requirements:
Urban Pathways, Inc. has extended-stay and permanent supportive housing, including single-site residences and scatter-site apartments, designed for adults who face multiple barriers to independent living. All programs promote self-sufficiency and encourage residents’ participation in wellness and recovery-focused activities. |
U.S. Housing and Urban Development Section 8 Program |
Section 8 is a federally funded program that helps eligible low- and moderate-income families pay for rental housing in the private market. To remain eligible for continued assistance, participants must:
|
NYCHA administers the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program in New York City, the largest Section 8 program in the country. The New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) administers the Section 8 HCV program, which accounts for 80% of the rental assistance administered by HPD. New York State Homes and Community Renewal (HCR) directly administers the HCV program in New York City. |
U.S. Housing and Urban Development Continuum of Care (CoC) Program |
Funds may only be used for projects under five program components: permanent housing, transitional housing, supportive services only (SSO), Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) and, in some cases, homelessness prevention. Administrative costs are eligible under all components. The CoC program funds two types of permanent housing: permanent supportive housing (PSH) for persons with disabilities and rapid re-housing. May be used to cover the costs of up to 24 months of transitional housing with accompanying supportive services. The SSO program component allows recipients to provide services to homeless individuals not residing in housing operated by the recipient. Funds under HMIS may be used only for leasing a structure they operate, operating the structure in which the HMIS is housed, and/or for covering other costs related to establishing, operating and customizing a CoC’s HMIS. |
Center for Community Alternatives (CCA) provides reentry services, including housing placement and support. The Fortune Society’s Fortune Academy (“the Castle”) provides emergency and transitional supportive housing in West Harlem for homeless, justice-impacted people. Breaking Ground provides transitional and permanent affordable housing with on-site supportive services for homeless people including those who are justice-impacted. |
U.S. Housing and Urban Development HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) |
Private for-profit or nonprofit organizations can apply for HOME project financing if they can show they have the resources to create and manage a qualified project. Local program administrators can also apply from regular local government entities. |
Supportive Housing Network of New York (SHNNY) is a nonprofit membership organization with offices in New York City and Albany. The Network represents over 200 nonprofits that develop and operate supportive housing for individuals who are experiencing homelessness, including formerly incarcerated individuals. They provide housing and support services including case management, employment support and mental health services. |
Low-Income Housing Tax Credits |
The tax credit program provides funding for two types of rental housing development: construction of new buildings or substantial rehabilitation of existing buildings. A tax credit project can be partly occupied by households that are not low income. However, the incentive is structured to encourage low-income occupancy by increasing the amount of credit for a higher proportion of low-income residents, or for lower incomes of the residents. The tax credit provides investment benefits only for the investment attributable to the portion of the building occupied by low-income tenants. While benefits from the LIHTC are provided by the IRS, states bear most of the responsibility for administering the tax credit program itself. Each state must set aside at least 10% of its credit allocation for projects developed by nonprofits. |
The Fortune Society expanded its original emergency and transitional property, Fortune Academy (known as “the Castle”), in West Harlem. Adjacent to that property, Castle Gardens is a mixed-use (affordable and supportive) permanent housing project and service center. It is comprised of 114 new construction affordable housing units, including 50 furnished studio apartments for individuals who are homeless with incarceration histories, 13 one-, two- and three-bedroom units for homeless families with at least one member who is formerly incarcerated, 50 studio to three-bedroom apartments affordable to community residents and families earning 50-60% of AMI, and one apartment for the live-in superintendent. |
U.S. Housing and Urban Development Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG) |
ESG funds may be used for five program components: street outreach, emergency shelter, homelessness prevention, rapid re-housing assistance and HMIS, as well as administrative activities. |
The New York City Department of Homeless Services (DHS) serves people who are homeless and individuals and families who are at risk of homelessness. |
|
Financial resource matrix for Oakland, California |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Financial resource |
Eligibility |
Examples |
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development- Continuum of Care (CoC) Program |
Funds may only be used for projects under five program components: permanent housing, transitional housing, supportive services only (SSO), Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) and, in some cases, homelessness prevention. Administrative costs are eligible under all components. The CoC program funds two types of permanent housing: permanent supportive housing (PSH) for persons with disabilities and rapid re-housing. May be used to cover the costs of up to 24 months of transitional housing with accompanying supportive services. The SSO program component allows recipients to provide services to homeless individuals not residing in housing operated by the recipient. Funds under HMIS may be used only for leasing a structure they operate, operating the structure in which the HMIS is housed, and/or for covering other costs related to establishing, operating, and customizing a CoC’s HMIS. |
Bay Area Community Services provides emergency shelter, transitional housing, and permanent supportive housing. Office of Homeless Care and Coordination (OHCC) provides Enhanced Care Vouchers – a project that created 100 new permanent supportive housing units- and provides enhanced care for people with chronic medical and mental health conditions, including people impacted by the criminal legal system.
|
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development- Community Development Block Grants/Entitlement Grant (CDBG) |
CDBG funds may be used for activities that include, but are not limited to:
Each activity must meet one of the following national objectives for the program: benefit low- and moderate-income persons, prevention or elimination of slums or blight, or address community development needs having a particular urgency because existing conditions pose a serious and immediate threat to the health or welfare of the community for which other funding is not available. |
Building Opportunities for Self-Sufficiency (BOSS) offers emergency shelter, transitional housing, permanent supportive housing, and onsite services designed to remove barriers to successful reentry for formerly incarcerated individuals. Services are employed using evidence-based methodologies (e.g., Housing First, Trauma-informed Care, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Harm Reduction, Peer Mentoring) with a focus on helping participants build skills, address physical and mental health, and recovery needs. |
City of Oakland Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) |
DHCD helps implement the city and Redevelopment Agency’s affordable housing development programs. Staff works with for-profit and nonprofit developers to revitalize neighborhoods and increase housing opportunities through new construction, substantial rehabilitation and preservation of rental and ownership housing for very low-, low- and moderate-income households. |
Satellite Affordable Housing Associates (SAHA) provides affordable housing and supportive services. Operation Dignity provides emergency shelter, transitional housing and permanent supportive housing. Covenant House California provides emergency shelter and transitional housing for youth aged 18-24 who are transitioning out of the juvenile justice system. |
|
Financial resource matrix for Alameda County, California |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Financial resource |
Eligibility |
Examples |
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Continuum of Care (CoC) Program |
Funds may only be used for projects under five program components: permanent housing, transitional housing, supportive services only (SSO), Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) and, in some cases, homelessness prevention. Administrative costs are eligible under all components. The CoC program funds two types of permanent housing: permanent supportive housing (PSH) for persons with disabilities and rapid re-housing. May be used to cover the costs of up to 24 months of transitional housing with accompanying supportive services. The SSO program component allows recipients to provide services to homeless individuals not residing in housing operated by the recipient. Funds under HMIS may be used only for leasing a structure they operate, operating the structure in which the HMIS is housed, and/or for covering other costs related to establishing, operating, and customizing a CoC’s HMIS. |
East Oakland Community Project is a multi-service organization offering emergency and transitional housing. Oakland PATH Re-Housing Initiative is a rental assistance program designed to provide housing placement and ongoing subsidies and supportive services to people who are homeless or in emergency shelters, and people exiting foster care or the criminal justice system. Turning Point assists formerly incarcerated individuals and the homeless population by providing temporary and permanent housing support, mental health services, drug and alcohol education, parenting skills, anger management and domestic violence classes. Abode Services develops its own permanent supportive housing communities. At these sites, they combine housing and social services to help formerly homeless people. |
The Second Chance Act (SCA) |
The SCA supports state, local, and tribal governments and nonprofit organizations in their work to reduce recidivism and improve outcomes for people returning from state and federal prisons, local jails and juvenile facilities. Passed with bipartisan support, SCA legislation authorizes federal grants for vital programs and systems reform aimed at improving the reentry process. |
Innovations in Reentry Initiative (IRI) Operation My Home Town Expanded (OMHTX) is a reentry program that serves over 160 incarcerated people at a jail facility who are on felony probation with pre- and post-release services within Alameda County. Innovations in Reentry Initiative (IRI) Redesigning the Pathways Home: Alameda County's Pilot to Positive Reentry is an intensely collaborative effort led by the Alameda County Probation Department (ACPD) and the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR). The program weaves together critical reentry support systems to create seamless pathways to reentry that begin prior to release for the state's highest risk and highest need clients returning to Alameda County from California State Prisons. ACPD will redesign the way in which clients return to their home communities by creating targeted pathways, infused with evidence-based services and warm connections that reduce barriers, address clients’ needs and reduce recidivism. |
Adult Reentry Grant (ARG) Program |
Provides funding for community-based organizations to deliver reentry services for people formerly incarcerated in state prison. Eligibility is limited to Community-Based Organizations located in California, as determined by the IRS to have 501(c)(3) status (i.e., nonprofit). Welfare and Institutions Code sections 8255-8257.2 (Appendix C) requires a state agency that funds, implements, or administers a state program that provides housing or housing-related services to people experiencing homelessness or at risk of homelessness, to adopt guidelines and regulations to include Housing First policies. As such, this will require applicants to incorporate the core components of Housing First in their proposed program design.
|
A Safe Place proposes to fill a current service gap in Alameda County by addressing the unique needs of formerly incarcerated survivors of domestic violence, through gender-specific, trauma-informed reentry services, including safe shelter, counseling and intensive case management. Arsola’s Distribution Center and Community Services is a reentry housing program that will provide up to 19 months of free housing to a minimum of 68 reentry persons in single-person housing units. The Sisters 2 Reentry Program is designed to promote successful reintegration into society and reduce recidivism for 228 women formerly incarcerated with the state prison. There is a Sisters 2 Wellness Navigation Program, a 12-month program that provides housing assistance, case management, counseling, health and wellness services, education and job skills, and family restoration/ reunification services. There is also the Serenity House Residential Health & Wellness Program, a two-year program that provides housing and wrap-around services for participants requesting recovery services in a sober living environment. Serenity House follows a housing-first approach in the sense that it does not discharge clients who experience a relapse of drug/alcohol use. |
|
Financial resource matrix for Washington, D.C. |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Financial resource |
Eligibility |
Examples |
National Fair Housing Alliance Inclusive Communities Fund Grant Program |
Invests fair housing settlement funds intended for community relief into neighborhoods or populations that have been destabilized by housing discrimination. The Inclusive Communities Fund empowers all individuals to access safe, sustainable housing of choice; creates inclusive, healthy, and well-resourced neighborhoods; and addresses systemic barriers that limit equitable housing opportunities for everyone. The grants allow NFHA partners to undertake activities that support Black and Latino communities, encourage access to housing with an emphasis on homeownership, and provide critical support to communities that have been harmed by discriminatory practices. NFHA will fund organizations that provide the following types of direct services:
|
Jubilee Housing’s Reentry Housing Initiative Program provides supportive transitional housing and wrap-around services for men and women who are looking to rebuild their lives in a supportive, drug- and alcohol-free environment. Jubilee operates two reentry homes that serve up to 10 women and 10 men. The organization has developed over 800 units of affordable housing in the Adams Morgan and Columbia Heights neighborhoods of Washington, D.C., since it was founded in 1973. Manna Homes is committed to helping low- and moderate-income persons acquire quality housing, resulting in over 1,900 units of affordable housing. Yachad, the Jewish housing organization of Washington, D.C., brings together local communities to make affordable housing safe and healthy, creating equity and wealth for families while preserving and revitalizing neighborhoods. |
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Continuum of Care (CoC) Program |
Funds may only be used for projects under five program components: permanent housing, transitional housing, supportive services only (SSO), Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) and, in some cases, homelessness prevention. Administrative costs are eligible under all components. The CoC Program funds two types of permanent housing: permanent supportive housing (PSH) for persons with disabilities and rapid re-housing. May be used to cover the costs of up to 24 months of transitional housing with accompanying supportive services. The SSO program component allows recipients to provide services to homeless individuals not residing in housing operated by the recipient. Funds under HMIS may be used only for leasing a structure they operate, operating the structure in which the HMIS is housed, and/or for covering other costs related to establishing, operating, and customizing a CoC’s HMIS. |
Community Family Life Services (CFLS) provides a comprehensive continuum of transitional housing for homeless women and families, and single-room housing for previously homeless adults with low income. They serve single women and women with children who have been released from prison or jail within the last year or are within four months of being released. Calvary Women’s Services provides permanent, affordable housing programs – Reach Up Rental Assistance, Sister Circle, and Sisters Rise – comprehensive services and personalized support. Friendship Place provides emergency shelter, transitional housing, and rapid rehousing for individuals and families who are experiencing homelessness. Their programs are grounded on the state-of-the-art “Housing First” model of homeless services, which removes all barriers to housing, such as employability, sobriety and incarceration history. |
|
Financial resource matrix for New Orleans |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Financial Resource |
Eligibility |
Examples |
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Continuum of Care (CoC) Program |
Funds may only be used for projects under five program components: permanent housing, transitional housing, supportive services only (SSO), Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) and, in some cases, homelessness prevention. Administrative costs are eligible under all components. The CoC Program funds two types of permanent housing: permanent supportive housing (PSH) for persons with disabilities and rapid re-housing. May be used to cover the costs of up to 24 months of transitional housing with accompanying supportive services. The SSO program component allows recipients to provide services to homeless individuals not residing in housing operated by the recipient. Funds under HMIS may be used only for leasing a structure they operate, operating the structure in which the HMIS is housed, and/or for covering other costs related to establishing, operating, and customizing a CoC’s HMIS. |
Catholic Charities Archdiocese of New Orleans’ program, Bridges to Self-Sufficiency, is an 18-24-month transitional housing program for homeless, intact families and children. Covenant House provides on-campus housing, counseling and mentoring to all young people, no questions asked. Forty percent of young men and 30% of young women who have been released from jail or juvenile detention are served each year. Welcome Home Outreach Ministries (W.H.O.M.) is a nonprofit, faith-based organization that assists returning citizens reintegrating into the community. They provide comprehensive programming that includes transitional housing, education, basic life skills, employment, family reconciliation, counseling, mentorship, biblical and holistic health support. |
158 Office of Mental Health New York State. (2021). Empire State Supportive Housing Initiative - Inter-Agency Service and Operating Funding Opportunity Request for Proposals. https://omh.ny.gov/omhweb/rfp/2023/esshi/esshi_round_eight_rfp_final.pdf
159 NYC Housing Authority. (n.d.). About Section 8. https://www.nyc.gov/site/nycha/section-8/about-section-8.page
160 NYC Housing Preservation & Development. (n.d.). About Section 8. https://www.nyc.gov/site/hpd/services-and-information/about-section-8.page
161 New York State Homes and Community Renewal. (n.d.). Section 8 - Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) Program. https://hcr.ny.gov/section-8-housing-choice-voucher-hcv-program
162 HUD Exchange. (n.d.). Continuum of Care (CoC) Program Eligibility Requirements. https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/coc/coc-program-eligibility-requirements/
163 Grant Thornton LLP. (2021, December 31). Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Information Together with Report of Independent Certified Public Accountants. https://d2cbcykciwaak1.cloudfront.net/documents/2021-Breaking-Ground-Housing-Development-Fund-Corporation-and-Affiliates-FINAL-FS.pdf?mtime=20220827141803
164 New York State Homes and Community Renewal. (n.d.). NYS HOME Program. https://hcr.ny.gov/nys-home-program
165 The Network Supportive Housing Network of New York. (n.d.). Funding Guide. https://shnny.org/funding/
166 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2004, January). The Low Income Housing Tax Credit for Nonprofits Developing Rural Rental Housing. https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/19565_LOWINCOMETAXCREDIT.PDF
167 Corporation for Supportive Housing. (2013, March). Castle Gardens, New York, NY Integrated Family Supportive Housing. https://www.csh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Fortune-Society-Castle-Gardens1.pdf
168 HUD Exchange. (n.d.). ESG Requirements. https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/esg/esg-requirements/
169 NYC.gov. (n.d.). Emergency Solutions Grants Program (ESG). https://www.nyc.gov/assets/nycccoc/downloads/pdf/ESG-Program-Overview_Final-Draft.pdf
170 HUD Exchange. (n.d.). Continuum of Care (CoC) Program Eligibility Requirements. https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/coc/coc-program-eligibility-requirements/
171 Bay Area Community Services. (2022, July 13). 2021 Bay Area Community Services Consolidated Financial Statements. https://bayareacs.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/FY-20-21-BACS-Audit.pdf
172 Homelessness Solutions in Alameda County. (n.d.). HUD Awards $15 Million to Address Unsheltered Homelessness. https://homelessness.acgov.org/policy.page
173 Homelessness Solutions in Alameda County. (n.d.). HUD Awards $15 Million to Address Unsheltered Homelessness. https://homelessness.acgov.org/policy.page
174 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Community Development Block Grant Program. https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/comm_planning/cdbg
175 ProPublica. (2021, June 30). Building Opportunities for Self Sufficiency. https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/display_audit/21118020211
176 City of Oakland. (2023, February 1). Housing Development Notice of Funding Availability Opportunities (NOFA). https://www.oaklandca.gov/resources/nofa-opportunities
177 California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. (2019, June 19). Publicly Assisted Rental Units in the City of Oakland. https://cao-94612.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/Directory-of-Assisted-Rental-Housing-2019.pdf
178 California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. (2019, June 19). Publicly Assisted Rental Units in the City of Oakland. https://cao-94612.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/Directory-of-Assisted-Rental-Housing-2019.pdf
179 Covenant House. (2021, June 30). Covenant House and Affiliates Consolidated Financial Statements Together With Independent Auditors’ Report 2021. https://covenanthousecalifornia.org/archive/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Covenant-House-California-FYE2021-Single-Audit-FS.pdf
180 HUD Exchange. (n.d.). Continuum of Care (CoC) Program Eligibility Requirements. https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/coc/coc-program-eligibility-requirements/
181 California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. (2019, June 19). Publicly Assisted Rental Units in the City of Oakland. https://cao-94612.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/Directory-of-Assisted-Rental-Housing-2019.pdf
182 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Fiscal Year 2022 Continuum of Care Competition Homeless Assistance Award Report – California. https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CPD/documents/CoC/2022/CA_Press_Report.pdf
183 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Fiscal Year 2022 Continuum of Care Competition Homeless Assistance Award Report – California. https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CPD/documents/CoC/2022/CA_Press_Report.pdf
184 Cause IQ. (n.d.). Abode Services. https://www.causeiq.com/organizations/abode-services,943087060/
185 National Reentry Resource Center. (n.d.). Second Chance Act. https://nationalreentryresourcecenter.org/second-chance-act
186Clark, A., Costello, J., Francis, C., Lookingbill, A. & Wurzburg, S. (2022, December 31). The Role of Housing Supports in Reentry. [PowerPoint slides]. The National Reentry Resource Center. https://nationalreentryresour…InReentry_slides.pdf
187Clark, A., Costello, J., Francis, C., Lookingbill, A. & Wurzburg, S. (2022, December 31). The Role of Housing Supports in Reentry. [PowerPoint slides]. The National Reentry Resource Center. https://nationalreentryresour…InReentry_slides.pdf
188 California Grants Portal. (2022, February 12). Adult Reentry Grant Program. https://www.grants.ca.gov/grants/adult-reentry-grant-program/
189 Jubilee Housing. (2023, March 29). Jubilee Housing Awarded Nearly $2.2 Million in Grants from Amazon Housing Equity Fund and National Fair Housing Alliance. https://jubileehousing.org/2023/03/29/jubilee-housing-awarded-nearly-2-2-million-in-grants-from-amazon-housing-equity-fund-and-national-fair-housing-alliance/
190 HUD Exchange. (n.d.). Continuum of Care (CoC) Program Eligibility Requirements. https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/coc/coc-program-eligibility-requirements/
191 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Fiscal Year 2022 Continuum of Care Competition Homeless Assistance Award Report – District of Columbia. https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CPD/documents/CoC/2022/DC_Press_Report.pdf
192 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Fiscal Year 2022 Continuum of Care Competition Homeless Assistance Award Report – District of Columbia. https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CPD/documents/CoC/2022/DC_Press_Report.pdf
193 Friendship Place. (2020, September 30). Friendship Place Financial Statements. https://friendshipplace.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/FP-21-FS-Final.pdf
194 HUD Exchange. (n.d.). Continuum of Care (CoC) Program Eligibility Requirements. https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/coc/coc-program-eligibility-requirements/
195 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Fiscal Year 2022 Continuum of Care Competition Homeless Assistance Award Report – Louisiana. https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CPD/documents/CoC/2022/LA_Press_Report.pdf
196 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Fiscal Year 2022 Continuum of Care Competition Homeless Assistance Award Report – Louisiana. https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CPD/documents/CoC/2022/LA_Press_Report.pdf
197 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (n.d.). Fiscal Year 2022 Continuum of Care Competition Homeless Assistance Award Report – Louisiana. https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CPD/documents/CoC/2022/LA_Press_Report.pdf